Sophies World By Jostein Gaarder :: essays research papers

Sophie's World is about the life of a multi year-old young lady called Sophie Amundsen. It takes you on an excursion however 3000 years of Western way of thinking, introducing significant and as a rule irritating questions.This is the clarification of theory and scholars given in the book:"A white bunny is pulled out of a formal hat. Since it is a very huge hare, the stunt takes a large number of years. All humans are conceived at the very tip of the hare's fine hairs, where they are in a situation to marvel at the inconceivability of the stunt. In any case, as they develop more seasoned they work themselves ever more profound into the hide. Also, there they remain. They become so agreeable they never hazard slithering up the delicate hairs again. Just scholars leave on this dangerous undertaking to the furthest reaches of language and presence. Some of them tumble off, however others stick on urgently and shout at the individuals settling somewhere down in the cozy delicateness, stuffing themselves with delectable food and drink.'Ladies and respectable men,' they holler, 'we are skimming in space!' But none of the individuals down there care.'What a lot of troublemakers!' they state. What's more, continue talking: Would you pass the spread please? What amount have our stocks risen today? What is the cost of tomatoes?"Some of the inquiries raised include:Why would we say we are here? Is there a God? Where does the world come from?This book endeavors to mention to you what individuals in the past have thought, combining the chronicled side with the story itself.Sophie is enrolling in a class to study reasoning from Alberto Knox. Together they are attempting to locate their own responses to the inquiries so critical to humanity. At that point Sophie starts to get postcards routed to Hilde. In any case, who is Hilde? What's more, for what reason are the postcards being sent consideration of Sophie? Combined with the course in theory, Sophie and Alberto start to scrutinize their very presence. Sophie finds a book about herself in a book about herself, and things appear to become alright. Does the world Sophie and every one of her companions live in exist by any stretch of the imagination, or is it just in somebody's creative mind or even in a book?

The critical race theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The basic race hypothesis - Essay Example In any case, white benefit is unique from states of outrageous remnants of bigotry or potentially bias, whereupon the prevalent race effectively thinks that its judicious to persecute other racial clans for their own benefit. Correspondingly, speculations of white benefit specify that the whites see their social, financial and social information as a custom that everybody should understanding, instead of a legitimacy that ought to be kept to the detriment of others (5-9). This regulating wisdom wholeheartedly limits the talk of racial uniqueness inside the prevail conversation. Preferably, such translations are restricted sure points of interest which are nitty gritty to minimized racial gatherings. These distraught gatherings are accepted as having neglected to understand the standard. Amusingly, the hotel focuses on what ought to be finished with the end goal of helping those racial gatherings achieve the ordinary standards experienced by whites (Stefanic 22-24). Stefani contends t hat the speculations of benefit attest conversations on racial uniqueness don't really talk about varieties between Non-white and whites societal position. On second thought, these speculations just speak about the breakdown of non-white racial gatherings to achieve typical white status. This notion on the hand transforms the subject of race into an issue which doesn’t include white racial gatherings (12-14). Racialization of distinction and ethnic downsizing of blacks and the shaded shaped the reason for ideological servitude and enslavement. Whiteness fulfills the extensive thoughts of property as outlined by old style scholars. In all actuality, whiteness specified the lawful situation of an individual as free or a slave. White independence granted physical and important benefits. Responsibility for incorporated the benefits of utilization and delight. On the off chance that these benefits were fundamental attributes of property, it was the independence of whiteness that n eeded to appreciate them. Whiteness was seen as a part of distinction and property centrality since it is something that can be experienced and dispatched as an asset (Stefanic 133-137). The United States is the supporter of race subornation. In this specific circumstance, the territory of legitimate affiliations, legal clarification of racial distinction prepared on the racial oppression repeat that race underestimation at the institutional level. By metamorphosizing white into whiteness, the law camouflages the ideological part of racial translation. The general statement of hypotheses of white benefit is that the absence of racial fairness can’t be resolved uniquely by taking a gander at the existence conditions of the oppressed gatherings. In this specific circumstance, they along these lines express that basic answers for the suitable difficulties of absence of racial fairness can be cultivated by unmistakably discussing the natural merits that whites as an advantaged ra cial gathering maintain in the network (Stefanic 77-76). As per Stefanic in the time of nineteenth century, the entourages of white workers, while they were repaid moderately negligible wages, were compensated as a rule through an open and mental pay. These white workers were likewise agreed open qualification and titles of respect since they were essentially white. They were recognized irrefutably well with every other gathering of white individuals of to best government funded schools, open spots, and additionally open capacities. Some of them were selected into the American police. Moreover, these gatherings of individuals were treated with laxity by the American courts with the end goal of empowering rebellion. Moreover, they unreservedly decided in favor of American open authorities (185-188). Be that as it may, this had

Absurdism

1 This theory has been endorsed by The Honors Tutorial College and the School of Theater Dr. William F. Condee Director of Studies, Theater Tutorial Program Thesis Advisor Dr. Angela Ahlgren Visiting Assistant Professor Thesis Advisor Jeremy Webster Dean, Honors Tutorial College 2 HAPPY DAYS: A MODERN WOMAN’S APPROACH TO ABSURDISM THROUGH FEMINIST THEATER THEORY A Thesis Presented to The Honors Tutorial College Ohio University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for Graduation From The Honors Tutorial College With the level of Bachelor of Fine Arts in TheaterBy: Rachel Collins 3 Table Of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 On Absurdism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 On Beckett†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Happy Days Production History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 Feminist Theater†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 Beckett and Gender (Happy Days)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 23 Happy Days in Performance: A Feminist Perspective (Process)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 Happy Days in Performance: Reflection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 40 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦48 Annotated Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 52 Creative SupplementaryMaterials†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦59 Happy Days Rehearsal Notes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 59 Happy Days Rehearsal Script†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦74 Happy Days Program and Event Flier†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 92 Happy Days Production Photos†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 94 4 Introduction This proposition inspects the character of Winnie in Samuel Beckett’s Happy Days through execution and the focal point of women's activist hypothesis and evaluate. In the wake of the Second World War, various craftsmen in Europe endeavored to discover importance in what some viewed as an insignificant world.The war had desolated Europe, and it was hard to track down expectation over the landmass. Numerous craftsmen during this time were worried about existentialist thoughts. These new social develops drove writers to explore different avenues regarding new structures, which managed these existentialist methods of reasoning through a sensational medium. These structures tried different things with language, de-railed straight plotlines, and put characters in strange circumstances. Martin Esslin, the producerjournalist turned researcher, authored the adage â€Å"the Theater of the Absurd† in his book of a similar title. One of the significant authors of this new type of show was Samuel Beckett.Since Beckett’s plays started to be acted in the 1950’s, theater pundits have regularly seen exhibitions of Beckett’s works through the viewpoint of existentialism, and his style provoked numerous to think of him as an absurdist. Absurdist hypotheses had the option to outline the sensational works for that time, yet as the social builds of Western culture, particularly those concerning ladies, have changed, so has emotional analysis of ladies. As 50 years has gone since the underlying composition of Beckett’s plays, it is imperative to think about them, particularly those with solid female characters, through an advanced women's activist critique.Beckett’s composing occurred during the second women’s development. The Second World War had changed people’s sees on ethical quality, and society had to 5 reclassify its principles. Prior to the First World War, class structure in Europe was unbendingly characterized. Individuals â€Å"knew their place† and the hole between the rich and the poor was nearly un-crossable. The war made open doors for the lower class to progress in social position, yet once it was finished, society endeavored to come back to its pre-War structure. This cycle happened again after the Second World War.During the war, persecuted people groups in Europe were permitted to do things that they hadn’t had the option to already, yet once it was over they were relied upon to come back to their place in the public arena. In Europe these individuals, including racial and strict minorities, the regu lar workers, and ladies, were tired of these limitations. Ladies specifically endeavored to acquire uniformity in the activity advertise and different settings. Beckett was in the fascinating situation of composing with regards to the middle of this social unrest. From multiple points of view, he was extremely acquainted with the old world and conventions, where women’s place in the public arena was compliant to her husband.But he was additionally anticipating what the future could bring. His work from multiple points of view foreseen the second women’s development. Beckett’s early sensational works are loaded up with male characters. Every one of these men is endeavoring to answer the most fundamental of life’s questions: Who are we and what are we doing here? In any case, it was not until 1961 with Happy Days that he gave the phase over totally to the voice of a lady. In Waiting for Godot, Endgame, and Krapp’s Last Tape, ladies were not given a s olid voice on the stage’s playing space. With Happy Days and the character of Winnie, Beckett gave ladies a voice in his work.Traditionally, Happy Days has been seen through an existentialist focal point, much similarly that Beckett’s different works are 6 seen. This investigation, in any case, endeavors to re-outline Happy Days through another arrangement of academic assessments: the thoughts of women's activist hypothesis and showy execution. Through insightful research and execution of the piece, I took a gander at this significant work from another point of view. In the twenty-first century, an on-screen character can't move toward the part with a similar foundation as a lady assuming the job in the mid 1960’s.While it is essential to take a gander at plays inside the chronicled setting and custom in which they were initially played out, this view constrains the entertainer. On the off chance that one was to just glance at a bit of work truly and not deciphe r it utilizing present day draws near, theater would, I accept, in the end become stale and not, at this point applicable to the world other than from an authentic exhibition hall. Upbeat Days needs another assessment. The time has come to inspect it through the eyes of a cutting edge lady, since that is the individual who will play out this job today.On Absurdism was a deviation from customary French theater however not inner voice development in itself. Toward the start of the twentieth century the cutting edge development was viewed in a similar vein as the symbolists of the late nineteenth century: their specialty was endeavoring to accomplish similar outcomes. Symbolists were responding against the naturalist and pragmatist types of workmanship and accepted that the best way to speak to reality and significance of life was to do it by implication, rather than through precise impersonation of reality.Much of the world was attempting to recoup after two enormous scope wars. Durin g the late 1940’s and the 1950’s, the French were keen on taking a gander at the past for motivation for their dramatization. Fantasies, legends, and images were principally 7 utilized as topic. Specific accentuation was put on the structure of language, for â€Å"the ‘poetic avant-garde’ represent[ed] an alternate state of mind; it is progressively melodious, and far less rough and grotesque† than the performance center of the preposterous (Esslin 25). Creations handled the puzzle of dreams and want through customary emotional conventions.Paris, which has been the support of various new masterful developments, was the origin for new ways of thinking, and the vanguard of Paris show â€Å" is this piece of the ‘anti-literary’ development within recent memory, which has discovered its demeanor in dynamic composition, with its dismissal of ‘literary’ components in pictures; or in the ‘new novel’ in France, with i ts dependence on the depiction of items and its dismissal of compassion and anthropomorphism† (Esslin 26). Theater specialists understood this was a significant progression for their artistic expression too, and started to explore different avenues regarding these structures through sensational constructs.Esslin pick the word â€Å"absurd† to depict these plays dependent on the word’s definition, which implies â€Å"out of concordance with reason or appropriateness; indistinguishable, irrational, illogical† (Esslin 23). Crafted by the absurdist playwri

The Houpu Herbal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Houpu Herbal - Essay Example The bark, houpu, however, has an increasingly catholic application in customary Chinese medication and various underhanded details are made of it to treat lung issue like hacks and asthma and intestinal ones like contaminations and fits. Additionally, the houpu structures a significant part of prescriptions focusing on stomach swellings and edema (Dharmananda, Undated). The dynamic parts of the bloom buds need alkaloids and none have been found to date while aromatics with their decongestant properties like monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes have been copiously apparent (Dharmananda, Undated). Interestingly, the bark, houpu, has a progressively composite nature and contains various carbon mixes. The lovely aroma is credited to two arrangements of non-alkaloids - the somewhat scented biphenols magnolol and honokiol and the firmly scented triterpene eudesmol (Dharmananda, Undated). These last biphenols and triterpene - magnolol, honokiol and eudesmol - are the principle restorative constituents from the bark houpu. Magnolol (2-11%), honokiol (0.3-4.6%) and eudesmol (>1%) shift from species to species and furthermore from locale to area. Present day pharmacological examinations have uncovered that these three constituents have the accompanying properties - 1) anxiolytic impacts; 2) capacities to improve steroid creation by the adrenal cortex; 3) capacities to hinder microorganisms and parasites; 4) cell reinforcement impacts; 5) capacities to diminish irritation and torment; 6) capacities to reduce seizures; and 7) dynamic immunizing impacts against organophosphoric pestic ides (Dharmananda, Undated). The bark huopu likewise contains a few alkaloids - benzylisoquinoline ones, for example, magnoflorine, magnocurarine and salicifoline. Of these, the most plentiful is magnocurarine at >0.2% of the business bark material (Dharmananda, Undated). Other follow alkaloids are oxuoshinsunine, anonaine and michelabine. These alkaloids are not accepted to make part in the pharmacological move of the bark however it is accepted that they do have fractional jobs in its antispasmodic impacts (Dharmananda, Undated). Despite the fact that it is settled among pharmacologists that the three principle alkaloids are regular to this species there is changing report of different alkaloids identified in follow amounts in the equivalent or distinctive sub-species. In this way, Rowe and Conner, 1979, report that, beside the three previously mentioned fundamental alkaloids, certain magnolia sub-species additionally contain different alkaloids, for example, D-O-methylarmepavine in the stem. Likewise, the sub-species clear in the Southern pieces of the US contains hints of anolobine, N-nornuciferine, liridenine and candicine (Rowe and Conner, 1979). There is likewise report of the Southern magnolia sub-species containing the glycosides magnolidin, magnolenin and magnosidin (Rowe and Conner, 1979). Conventional Chinese Viewpoint: One traditional clinical content from China 'Shen nong ben cao jing' (Chinese Medical Classics, Pregadio, Undated) records houpo as a 'third class cure' (Forrest, 1995). This is on the grounds that however the alkaloid magnocurarine is helpful in minute amounts it is poisonous in bigger portions and demonstrates contraindicative for pregnant ladies. Conversely, the blossom buds' concentrate is recorded in a similar book as a first class cure and recommended for ladies, including pregnant ones (Forrest, 1995).

Name Essays (931 words) - Rhetoric, Communication Studies

Name Course Educator Johnson Date Promotion Intervention Visual talk is a proficient device with regards to tending to a specific issue. Since time, numerous examinations have had the option to demonstrate that the mind can relate more to visual guide rather than verbal guides or content. The utilization of visual talk has the ability of establishing a long term connection the target group when contrasted with contentions that are ruled by verbal correspondence (Van Eemeren et al. 39). The utilization of visual talk has been utilized to draw the most profound enthusiastic association with the crowd instead of another type of talk. Visual talk assists with effectively expressing the idea effectively and drastically. From the picture introduced, the publicists have utilized clear and unmistakable techniques to attract the crowd to the item in plain view. They have utilized enticing procedures, for example, logos, ethos, and feeling. Using poignancy in the picture, the promoters have figured out how to bring out reaction that will be founded on feelings as opposed to words when one ganders at the photos. They have had the option to show the kids looking for consideration and love. The kids look desolate where they don't show a grin. This is an ideal method of making an association with the crowd basically guardians. No parent needs to see unaccompanied youngsters who neglect to show grins. This is a passionate connection where people are obliged to protect their posterity by satisfying them. From the vibe of the photos, the introduction quickly catches the feelings of the kids. This is a negative type of association between the kids and the remainder of the crowd. Another sort of feeling that is b eing shown is blame or dread. This quickly triggers our sentiment of giving direction and course to the youngsters since it is our duty. The visual portrayal can talk through the parts of making a passionate association and excursion. The photos have had the option to build up nearness of the youngsters and what they are wearing. Another conceivable passionate association is drawn on the parts of design and style for the kids. This advert might be focusing on the wealthy or the individuals who might want their youngsters to swim in style. Class has been utilized to depict being alright with life. The class being additionally portrayed attempts to catch the connection among certainty and polish. Passionate association has been built up where one can decipher the way that style can be utilized as an instrument for sustaining confidence in kids. Style can likewise be viewed as an instrument that has been utilized to depict self-articulation by the youngsters. Grown-ups or guardians are associated sincerely to kids who can communicate in their terms by making their novel personality. Each gatekeeper might want to have a kid who is attempting to catch that picture of self-character and articulation. The announcement in this promotion is where the creators try to present another idea of style with youngsters. They endeavor to interface the two together and urge the buyers to adjust to it. It is an enthusiastic association that assembles sound connections among guardians and kids. Using logos in the pictures introduced, the publicists of the item have had the option to give proof and measurements that is required with regards to understanding the capacity of the garments on the kids. Through insights, the picture has had the option to depict that the pants can be worn by any youngster, regardless of whether they are young men or young ladies. Maybe the ad was coming when wearing pants by kids was a thought that had not set up a solid association with the purchasers. The various hues being worn by the young men and young lady use as a code to show that every sexual orientation can separate what they should wear. Young men have been coded to don dark while the young ladies have been coded to don dim. The other conceivable technique is the utilization of ethos where the promoters have had the option to make validity of the garments being publicized for kids. It is a procedure which goes about as the last affirmation to the guardians to purchase the garments for their children. Despite the fact that this

The Self Medication Theory of Addiction

The Self Medication Theory of Addiction Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print The Self Medication Theory of Addiction By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 01, 2019 Image Source / Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The self-medication  theory of addiction is based on the idea that people use substances, such as alcohol and drugs, or the effects of other addictive behaviors, such as eating or gambling, to compensate for underlying problems that have not been properly treated. The self-medication theory usually refers to substance use disorders, but it can also be applied to non-substance or behavioral addictions. The Self-Medication Hypothesis The self-medication hypothesis began appearing in medical journals in the 1970s, as clinicians noticed that heroin addicts were using the drug to cope with problems such as stress and loneliness. The self-medication theory suggests that use develops as a way of coping with stress in the absence of adequate solutions and meaningful social relationships. The theory gained momentum as it was recognized that many medications prescribed for legitimate ailments are similar to recreational drugs. It was further popularized by the increasing recognition in the medical community that marijuana, for many years thought of as a purely recreational drug, has many medicinal properties. The theory goes that, for some conditions, such as chronic pain, prescribed medications may be insufficient or problematic, and so marijuana users who suffer from chronic pain are simply self-medicating. This has lead to medical marijuana now being available on prescription in some places for the treatment of certain conditions. Effects, Myths, and Risks of Marijuana Responses The self-medication theory is increasingly popular among people with addictions and professionals who treat them. While some who take a hard line on addictions believe the self-medication theory is an excuse for irresponsible behavior, many in the medical profession find it useful to transition people from substances and behaviors that they are addicted to and are causing the problems to more controllable prescription medications that address the underlying problem directly. Depression, for example, can often be successfully treated with antidepressant medication, freeing the individual from seeking emotional comfort in their addiction.?? The theory is compassionate to people with addictions, particularly illicit drug users. It suggests that drug use is often an attempt to fill the gap left by limited medical options. The self-medication theory is also helpful to the therapeutic process, as it provides a clear path out of addiction that unites professionals with people struggling with addictions. They have a shared goal of correctly treating the underlying problem, and can work together to achieve this. However, some argue that the theory may absolve illicit drug users of some of the responsibility for their problems. Another stance taken against the self-medication theory is that by arguing that people with addictions are self-medicating, the theory legitimizes drug use, and medication generally, as a way of solving emotional problems. Many people who have been through the process of becoming abstinent feel that any drug use, including medications, allows people to avoid dealing with psychological issues and reinforces denial. In tandem with this, the self-medication theory reinforces the disease model of addiction. It runs the risk of simplifying the complex issue of addiction, which involves many psychological and social factors, to pure physiology. The Future of the Self-Medication Theory More and more people are going public with their addictions. Addiction and its treatment are no longer swept under the carpet, and these issues have even become the subject of reality shows, such as Intervention. Many celebrities and even politicians have admitted to past drug use. With greater social change and openness about drug use and addictions, society is becoming more compassionate towards those with addictions. The drug legalization movement and the medical marijuana movement, both of which have become increasingly mainstream, support the self-medication theory. The theory will likely play an important role in current and future concepts of addiction. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Batteries and Battery Chargers on Ship Coursework - 1100 Words

Batteries and Battery Chargers on Ship (Coursework Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseCollegeDateBatteries and Battery ChargersBatteries and battery chargers are important components used in the ship. The battery system on the ship is mainly used as a source of energy in case of any emergency. However, some vessels use the battery system as their main source of energy (Godager 243). There are various types of batteries used on board the ship all of which are essential in one way or another. In addition, each of them requires special testing, handling and maintenance. The following report will give information regarding the use of batteries and battery chargers on board the ship. The report will focus on the main types of batteries used, types of chargers used, how the battery system works and how it is charged. The report will also reflect the maintenance of batteries as well as the special requirements to the use of the battery system on board the ship.Batteries are used in the ship as one of the sources of energy (Godager 243). Us ually, they are used in times of black out and when there is an emergency on board. This use applies for almost all vessels. Nonetheless, batteries can be used regularly to provide a dc supply to various machines such as the engine and the decks (Godager 243). In addition, most of these batteries are used for low voltage like the bridge navigational instruments. For this reason, it is recommended for all batteries to remain charged in case of power emergencies (Godager 243).The selection of the type and size of battery to be used in the ship depends on capacity and application of services (International Maritime Organization 124). Usually, there are two major types of battery systems used on board the ship. They include the Lead-Acid and Alkaline batteries (International Maritime Organization 124). The Lead-Acid battery consists of a series of cells. Each cell contains a positive and a negative plate both of which are made of lead metal. Both plates are immersed in dilute Sulphuric acid. The arrangement of the two plates and the electrolyte is kept in a case which is leak-proof where w ire is used to join the two plates. The lead-Acid battery in the ship consists of six cells with each cell having a voltage if about 2.2. This means that the whole battery produces a voltage of about 12 volts. The alkaline battery comprises of a positive plate of nickel hydroxide and a negative plate of iron and cadmium. Both plates of the alkaline battery are immersed in a solution of potassium hydroxide. The battery normally contains 5 cells each producing 1.4 volts (International Maritime Organization 125).Figure 1: Battery system: (Rahn, 2012).Battery maintenance is an important task on board the ship (Barker 204). It should therefore be performed diligently by trained personnel. We know that both Lead-Acid and Alkaline batteries require different maintenance and handling. Usually, the maintenance of batteries is done for the prevention of leakages or other problems. The mos t important thing is to keep all batteries fully charged in case of any emergency that would occur (Godager 243). Considering the Lead-Acid battery, a trickle charge provided constantly will ensure that the battery is always full charged. It is also important to regularly check the voltage of the battery to ensure that it is fully charged always (Barker 204).Other battery maintenance practices include keeping the battery dry and clean and maintaining the electrolyte at the desired level, that is slightly above the plate. In case the electrolyte evaporates due to climate or weather, the ETO should add some distilled water. This explains the reasons why there is need to consider environmental factors during battery maintenance. Other maintenance tasks include keeping the terminals clean and clearing off small vents which would be present in cell caps (Barker 204).Battery chargers used on board the ship include the Charge master and the Mass. Charge master may contain 12 V and 24 V whi le the mass may contain 24V and 48V. These are the most effective battery chargers used on the ship. Both chargers are recommended for charging specific number and types of batteries. Most chargers used in ships today have AC supply system. However, professionals argue that it is important to switch to dc supply system. Various factors influence the selection of the type of battery charger to use (Watson 253). The most important factor is the consideration of the number of batteries to be charged. For instance the Charge master is recommended for charging multiple batteries. The technical worker on board should ensure that the voltage of the charge corresponds to that of battery bank (Watson 253).Battery testing is an essential task on board the ship. It is usually done to provide information on the condition of the cells and the battery. In addition, battery testing is done to provide answers to whether the battery is fully charged, whether the battery has enough charge, whether th e battery meets the specification of the manufacturer or whether the battery will last long. An example of a testing procedure is testing the state of charge in the battery (Pistoia 322). In this situation, the professional discharges the battery and measures the output of energy. Determining the life of the secondary cell is also possible by cycling it until it fails. When failure occurs instantly, it indicates that the battery is not fit to serve its purpose. (Pistoia 321).The two major methods of testing the battery include qualification and abuse testing. Qualification testing is performed to determine the suitability of the battery in serving the intended use before its approval for installation. In addition, the qualification testing verifies whether the battery meets the specification of the manufacturer. Abuse testing is usually done to ensure that the battery will not cause any danger to any user on board (Pistoia 322).Other battery testing measures include mechanical and e nvironmental testing (Pistoia 322). Mechanical testing is done to ascertain that the battery can withstand any mechanical stresses to which it may be exposed to. Various mec...